What Credit Score Is Needed to Buy a Car?

Buying a car is a unique experience. Many buyers find a mix of excitement over their new purchase alongside stress over spending so much at once. If you don’t have enough cash to buy the vehicle outright, you may want to know what credit score is needed to buy a car with a loan. Here’s a closer look at the score needed to buy a car and how to track that score as you work to get the best rates and approval odds.

What credit scores do auto lenders use?

The most common credit score lenders use is the FICO score, an acronym for Fair Isaac Corporation, responsible for the popular credit scoring model. While lenders often look at other factors as well, credit scores are central to the approval process.

FICO created a specific scoring model for car loans called the FICO Auto score. The FICO Auto score uses a slightly different formula and range of credit scores. Still, it is generally similar to the best-known FICO credit score, where on-time payments and good management of your credit lead to better scores.

FICO isn’t the only credit score, however. You may also see the VantageScore used in auto lending. VantageScore is the main alternative to FICO. Like its competitors, credit balances and payment history play the biggest role in determining your score.

How credit scores affect auto loans

Credit scores factor into two major parts of your auto loan. With most lenders, it’s used both for loan approval and determining your interest rate.

For approval, many lenders set a minimum credit score for new loans. You may not be approved for a loan if you don’t meet minimum credit requirements. However, lenders sometimes use several criteria, including your debt-to-income ratio and other signals from your credit report, to determine if you’re approved.

Once approved, credit scores play a role in determining interest rates. Borrowers with the best credit scores often qualify for the lowest possible interest rates, while borrowers with lower credit scores pay higher rates. Interest rates correlate to the perceived risk that the borrower won’t repay the loan as agreed. High credit scores indicate a lower risk of missed payments, while low scores indicate a higher risk of late payments, missed payments, and default.

Which credit scores are used

Every lender uses its own proprietary criteria when approving auto loans. Few banks, credit unions, and online lenders use the exact same model, so it’s possible to be approved by one lender and denied by another.

The primary credit score models used for auto lending include:

• FICO score: The most widely used credit scoring model for loan applications is the FICO score. FICO scores range from 300 to 850.
• FICO Auto score: FICO Auto score is a customized model for auto lenders. The FICO Auto score ranges from 250 to 900.
• VantageScore: VantageScore is an alternative credit score commonly used by free credit monitoring tools and is used by a growing number of lenders. VantageScore uses a 300 to 850 scale.

Remember that your credit score may be different when comparing FICO and VantageScore. Also, three consumer credit bureaus store credit histories, and scores may vary depending on whether the lender uses Experian, TransUnion, or Equifax.

Experian offers an excellent free consumer website for monitoring your credit.

For more detailed analysis across all credit scoring models and bureaus, a paid subscription to a service like MyFICO can meet your needs.

Auto loan interest rates by credit score

According to Experian, the following credit score categories are used by lenders when analyzing consumer credit scores:

If your credit score isn’t as good as you’d like, you can take steps to improve it. Some take months or years to see an impact, while others can raise your score quickly. Paying off credit card balances is one of the fastest ways to improve your credit while making 100% on-time payments helps build an excellent credit score over time.

You can also look to credit-building tools like Experian Boost. After signing up for a free Experian account, you can link your bank accounts and add certain billers, such as your mobile phone bill or utilities. Some companies offer paid services to add your monthly rent to your credit report, which flows through to your credit score.

How to get a car with bad credit

If you have bad credit, you may still have options to get a car. Consider these strategies to get a new set of wheels:

• Build your credit: The best option isn’t necessarily the fastest, but if you have time, you can work to improve your credit score with on-time payments and by paying off revolving credit balances, such as credit cards.
• Make a large down payment: Some lenders may be willing to lend a lower amount, which is possible when you make a larger down payment. A bigger down payment leads to a smaller initial loan balance and monthly payments.
• Buy a lower-priced car: Buying a more affordable car is practical for several reasons, including a smaller loan amount and lower monthly payment. If you pick a much lower-priced car, you may be able to pay completely in cash, with no loan required.
• Find a lender for bad credit: Some lenders specialize in loans to borrowers with less than good credit. However, beware of high fees and interest rates when working with these companies.

How to apply for an auto loan

To apply for an auto loan, follow these general steps:

1. Check your credit score

Before walking into a dealership, get a snapshot of your credit score. Your credit card issuer or bank may offer free credit score checks. As mentioned above, services like MyFICO provide detailed information for a fee.

2. Set your budget

Know what you can afford. Look at your monthly income, debts, and other financial obligations to gauge how much you can responsibly allocate for car payments. This will help you avoid falling in love with a car you can't afford. Remember that a larger down payment can significantly reduce your monthly payments.

3. Shop for pre-approval

Banks, credit unions, and online lenders often offer pre-approval processes that give you an idea of the loan amount and interest rate you qualify for. This way, you'll have a solid benchmark when you enter negotiations with the dealer. Look for pre-approvals that don’t impact your credit score until you’re ready to proceed with a specific offer.

4. Compare loan terms

Once you have pre-approval, it's time to compare the details. Don't just look at the monthly payments—examine the loan terms, annual percentage rate (APR), and any additional fees. Sometimes, a lower monthly payment means a longer loan term, which could cost you more in the long run.

5. Complete the application

Now, it's time to finalize the deal. You'll need to provide some documentation, such as proof of income, identity, and other personal information. Read the fine print, ask questions about loan terms, and be fully aware of all loan details before you sign.

TIME Stamp: You don’t need perfect credit to buy a car

Better credit helps your finances in many ways, but millions of people don’t have good credit and still find a way to buy a car. While you should always work to improve your credit profile, saving up a larger down payment, buying a cheaper car, or finding a flexible lender can put you on track to get on the road with a safe and reliable vehicle.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

What is an excellent auto credit score?

Using the traditional FICO model, an excellent score is 800 and higher. Good FICO Auto scores start at around 700, but every lender uses different criteria, so don’t necessarily fixate on a specific score.

Can I get a car with a 700 credit score?

Most lenders will lend to borrowers with a 700 credit score, assuming they meet other qualifying criteria, such as a suitable debt-to-income ratio.

Can I get a car with a 600 credit score?

Many lenders will work with a borrower with a 600 credit score, though you may pay higher interest rates or have to make up for your credit score with a larger down payment or strong debt-to-income ratio.

Is 625 a good credit score to buy a car?

With a credit score of 625, you may struggle to be approved for an auto loan, and you likely won’t qualify for the best rates. However, a 625 credit score is considered “fair” and probably won’t disqualify you from finding a suitable auto loan.